The plants are native primarily to tropical areas of east asia. Also included are photos of many ficus species to aid in identifying the often confusing world of ficus. Flora malesiana precursor for the treatment of moraceaea 1. The maximum number of the species belongs to subgenera urostigma. In figs ficus, moraceae there are two breeding systems. Ficus latipedunculata moraceae, a new species from.
Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semiwarm temperate zone. This genus is an important genetic resource due to its high economic and nutritional values and also an important part of the biodiversity in the. This prior book was used as the start and backbone of this new book the world of ficus bonsai. Ficus is a genus of about under the family moraceae, containing approximately 750 species of fig trees, 150 shrubs and vines native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the warm temperate zone. Leaves stalked, ovate heartshaped, 3 nerved, when young velvety on both sides. Ficus bonsai trees are members of the large moraceae family of plants. The common collective name for the ficus genus is fig trees or figs. The creeping fig ficus pumila grows as a vine and will quickly cover any and all surfaces up to four stories. It has been present from about 1560 in the new world hanelt et al. Species richness of insect herbivore communities on ficus in papua. Annotated checklist of the ficus species of the african floristic region, with special reference and a key to the taxa of southern africa. Ficus, genus ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs. Ficus benjamina weeping fig page 3 residential planting unless it is used as a hedge or figure 3.
Being a bonsai and fig lover for years, i just got back into bonsai, i have always loved the hobby, i just had a lot going on in my life and just recently got back into it. It comprises of about 800 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the. Ficus trees remain popular but challenging trees to grow indoors, in part because of their native tropical habitat, which in part explains their sometimes frustrating responses to the growing conditions provided. The bestknown representatives of the genus ficus are the common cultivated fig, ficus carica, and the rubber plant, f, elastica. Latin name ficus carica common name common fig adriatic fig symrna fig family moraceae same family as mulberry native range a temperate species native to southwest asia and the mediterranean region from afghanistan to portugal. Encourage indeginous trees and growing fodder crops such as calliandra and nappier grass some tree species especially with short roots, compete with crops for nutrients. Each species of ficus has an associated species of agaonid wasp hymenoptera. Besides standard trees, ficus moniques comes in other shapes, such as bushy or topiary forms. Pharmaceutical properties of indian species of ficus.
Identification keys and field guides to ficus species. Native primarily to tropical areas of east asia, they are distributed throughout the worlds tropics. The book is highly enhanced from the first book as it now contains over 40 ficus species references that will greatly help the bonsai enthusiast to identify and to grow these specimens. Of the 36 ficus species native to nepal, 21 are indigenously used as food, fodder, fuel wood, vegetable, medicine, etc. Ficus is a pantropical genus of trees, shrubs and vines, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi warm. Aerial roots descend from the branches, touch the ground and take root, eventually forming numerous sturdy trunks which. Ficus carica, the common fig, is the species known around the world for its edible fig and has been cultivated for thousands of years, with traces of found in excavations of neolithic sites traced to at least 5,000 bc morton, 1987. Ficus benjamina variations, ficus microphylla and ficus nerifolia are just a few. Department of agriculture agricultural research service.
With over 1,500 species, the family is so diverse they can be creeping vines, shrubs or huge forest trees. It is also one of the species known as strangler fig. Pdf ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family moraceae. Ficus bonsai should be given as much light as possible to encourage strong growth. Jan 19, 2012 pdf a checklist of all species of ficus l. It really explains how to graft branches and aerial roots which i will be doing so in the near future.
Some interesting observations were made about the genus which distinguished the wood species under study from one another, such features include crystals and silica inclusions. Figs, the genus ficus is a book in the crc press series, traditional herbal medicines for modern times, edited by roland hardman. Ficus of the atlantic rainforest 1 by anderson ferreira p. Many are tall forest trees that are buttressed by great spreading roots. Ficus definition is any of a genus ficus of chiefly tropical trees, shrubs, and woody vines of the mulberry family that have deciduous or evergreen leaves, often begin life as epiphytes, and include some such as f. Ficus moraceae comprises one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species of trees, shrubs, hemiepiphytes, climbers, and creepers in the tropics and subtropics worldwide.
We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms. Ficus benjamina wikispecies wikispecies, free species. A total of 2 ficus species are reported for dietary uses, including one. Ficus tinctoria, also known as dye fig, or humped fig is a hemiepiphytic tree of genus ficus. Ficus septica, an insular fig species ranging from the solo mon islands to. A taxonomic revision of the australian ficus species in. The malaysian forest is extremely rich in ficus species, with approximately 16%. Ficus carica edible fig moraceae forest starr, kim starr, and lloyd loope united states geological surveybiological resources division haleakala field station, maui, hawaii january, 2003 overview there are no ficus species native to hawaii. Ficus natalensis leaves are cut and fed to livestock like goats.
The taxa have been arranged according to the current classification among six subgenera and 12 sections. The authors are grateful to the national natural science foundation. Moraceae was first published in systema naturae by carolus linnaeus in 1735. Genus ficus moraceae constitutes more than 850 species and about. Sep 16, 20 ficus moraceae comprises one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species of trees, shrubs, hemiepiphytes, climbers, and creepers in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Ficus baola, a new species of ficus subgenus urostigma section malvanthera moraceae from the solomon islands blumea 47. Ficus species suitable for bonsai the following is a list of commonly used species. Appell december 1, 2000 we encounter glorious specimens in ubiquitous bank and shopping mall plantings, we marvel at lush archetypes on tropical isles whilst on vacation, and we regard forlorn examples in the corners of our doctors office. Ficus species in the human diet have been extensively documented by. The plant list includes a further 822 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus ficus. Among the genera of seed plants it ranked as the twentyfirst frodin 2004. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
This paper describes the botanical features of ficus carica l. Ficus indigo has dark, thick leaves that grow under extremely low light levels. Species in following genera are listed in groups on our web pages. The authors wish to thank the herbarium of ukm, bangi for providing some of the dried leave samples. It is found in asia, malesia, northern australia, and the south pacific islands. The plant list includes 2,746 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus ficus.
Ficus species exhibited a no table antioxidant and hepatoprotective. Ficus species that are known to naturalize in hawaii include f. Ficus benjamina in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Traditional classification of ficus based on morphology and preliminary taxonomic implications of the present study. Ficus fig species have a wide range of distribution and uses in nepal. Planting tree species with deep roots to avoid competition for nutrients. The authors interpreted the yellow colour of the clade. The fruit syconium or fig and reproduction systems of species in the genus ficus are unique. Ficus is a pantropical genus of trees, shrubs and vines, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi warm temperate zones.
Description a tall deciduous shrub or small tree reaching a height of about 10m. Specialized studies of these wild edible ficus species are needed to. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are. Although it is native to subhimalayan tract, bengal, and central india, it has been extensively cultivated worldwide. Studies on leaf venation in selected taxa of the genus ficus l. A familiar sight in many homes and malls, ficus benjamina, or weeping fig, is a broadleaf evergreen that grows well in containers. Acknowledgements the authors would like to thank finn. A revised checklist is provided for mozambique and fig species richness of central and southern african countries is compared. Ficus bonsai trees and the desirable characteristics. Ficus carica is a temperate species, native to southwest asia and the mediterranean region from afghanistan to portugal. Ficus species, free radicals, polyphenols, flavanoids, antioxidant property. An ethnobotanical study of the less known wild edible figs genus.
The figs include many broadleaf evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as shrubs and lianas. Sep 21, 2017 ficus trees or fig trees form one of the largest genera of flowering trees, with more than 800 species. Web authors simon van noort iziko south african museum and jeanyves rasplus inra, france. On some arthropods associated with ficus species core. Ficus pleurocarpa was the most largest contributor of fruit biomass in the forest canopy during periods of fruit scarcity, and was ranked as the species that made the second most important contribution to the frugivore community, although the authors of the study were unwilling to call it a keystone species. Other notable species of ficus are ficus religiosa l. Ficus ingens, the redleaved fig, is a fig species with an extensive range in the subtropical to dry tropical regions of africa and southern arabia. Unlike most ficus trees, this species does not drop leaves. Collecting effort was recorded as the time spent looking at the foliage of each of the ficus species studied.
Otherwise all native australian tree species are listed. Ficus, genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs. Various birds observed by the authors foraging and roosting in other species of ficus trees on maui include mynah birds acridotheres tristis tristis, blue faced. Meaning, importance and medicinal value family moraceae. Pdf new records of ficus moraceae species emphasize the.
Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and. Victoria lee blackstone is a horticulturist and a professional writer who has authored researchbased scientifictechnical papers, horticultural articles. There are over 600 species of ficus, most of them tropical and evergreen, although some, most notably f. Abstract ficus krishnae considered as native to india is very unique among all species in the genus as it has peculiar leaves generally with coneshaped structure at base and leaflet like appendages on the petiole. This book really explains a lot about figs and the different species of ficus that are most suitable for bonsai. Each volume in this series provides academia, health sciences, and the herbal medicines industry with indepth coverage of the herbal remedies for infectious diseases, certain medical conditions, or the plant. The genus is a very large one, including, according to engler about 600 species. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Ficus retusa in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs ficus, moraceae to. Ficus carica hawaiian ecosystems at risk project hear. The small leaf ficus burt davii shown here grows in indiana and spends its winters indoors.
These both features are tremendously variable within the species. It has hairy twigs and opposite leaves, unlike most other singapore ficus species which have alternately or spirally arranged leaves. The same authors predicted the presence of the true pollinator of f. Despite its specific name, which means huge, or vast, it is usually a shrub or tree of modest proportions. Abstractficus latipedunculata is a new species of ficus sect. Click download or read online button to the world of ficus bonsai book pdf for free now. A few ficus species have atypical growth habits that can help you to identify them.
Download pdf the world of ficus bonsai free online new. Ficus species have one of the most complex pollination systems in which each ficus species needs a specific wasp species in order to pollinate its flowers, set fruits, and spread into. The plant has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer. The conditions to grow ficus trees home guides sf gate. Ficus is one of the largest genus among angiosperms. The author is an acknowledged expert on the genus ficus as it is applied to the growing of bonsai. The authors are grateful to the national natural science foundation of. Pdf an introduction to the distribution of ficus researchgate. Moreover, ficus species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin e. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of ficus. About 115 taxa 89 species and 26 infraspecific taxa of ficus have been recorded here based on all available information. The exotic bonsai was printed in both hard and soft cover editions.
Ficus benjamina, commonly known as weeping fig, benjamin fig or ficus tree, and often sold in stores as just ficus, is a species of. The rainforest of australias east coast book lists fig trees in printed format. The world of ficus bonsai download the world of ficus bonsai ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Krishna fig is a very large, fast growing, evergreen tree up to 30 m tall, with spreading branches and many aerial roots. Pharmaeosycea, hitherto regarded as american, has 46 species in asia and australasia, and it comprises most of the figflora of new caledonia. A lovely houseplant, but reputedly tough to train for bonsai due to lack of trunk thickening and back budding. The fig species of greatest commercial importance is ficus. Ficus monique is an erect plant with bright, shiny leaves that are crispy and hard at maturity. Join our friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants.